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address, speak to
address 是“向……讲话”的意思,是及物动词,后面直接跟讲话的对象。例如:
Comrade Chen will address the meeting. 陈同志将在会上讲话。
He addressed his friend on this matter. 他对他的朋友讲了这件事。
He addressed the rally. 他在群众集会上讲了话。
如果 address 的宾语不是人或人的集会,其意思就不是“讲话”,而是“写”或“提出”。例如:
I want to address a letter to my friend. 我想给我的朋友写一封信。
I addressed a question to him. 我向他提出一个问题。
speak to 是“向……讲话”的意思。speak at 是“在……会上讲话”,speak about(on)是“谈……问题”。例如:
I will speak to him about the matter. 我要同他谈谈这件事。
He is going to speak at the meeting this afternoon. 他将在下午的会上讲话。
He is going to speak about the international situation. 他将谈谈国际形势。
adhere to, stick to
这两个词都可表示“坚持”,词义有不同。有如下几点值得注意:
1. 如果“坚持”的是“意见”、“计划”、“决定”、“原则”,两个词都可以用。adhere to
比 stick to 词义强,含有过去、现在、将来都一样的意思。如:
He sticks to his opinion. 他坚持他的意见。
He sticks to his promise. 他信守他的诺言。
He adhered to his opinion through thick and thin. 他虽经历种种挫折仍坚持他的意见。
We adhere to proletarian internationalism. 我们坚持无产阶级国际主义。
2. 如果“坚持”的是一种活动,表示“不断地做下去”,应用 stick to, 不用 adhere
to。例如:
He sticks to a task until he finishes it. 他坚持干一个任务,必至完成它为止。
3. stick 可以是及物动词,有许多用法;adhere 是不及物动词。
4. 表示“坚持”这意思的词还有 maintain, insist, persist, persevere,
用法都有不同。
affect, effect
这两个词都有“影响”的意思。但要注意:affect 是动词。例如:
Hot weather affects his health. 炎热的天气影响他的健康。
Whatever you say will not affect my decision. 不管你怎么说也不会影响我的决定。
affect 可以转意为”感动“。例如:
The audience was deeply affected. 听众深为感动。
effect 作为名词是指 affect(影响)的结果,意为“影响”、“效力”。例如:
He fell sick from the effect of weather. 他因天气影响而病倒了。
The medicine had no effect on him. 这药对他无效。
What a teacher says has great effect on his pupils. 教师的话对学生有很大的效果。
effect 作为动词,意思完全不同,是“招致”、“实现”的意思。例如:
The change was effected quickly. 这种变化很快就出现了。
advance
v. 前进
The soldiers were advancing toward the position of the enemy. 士兵朝着敌人的所在地前进。
n. 进步,进展
He has made great advance in his work. 他在工作上有了很大的进步。
注意:
1. advance --- advanced (adj. 先进的,高级的)
2. “取得进步”应该是 make an advance,不用 get advance (它与 achievement, progress
的用法相同)。
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